|
Background: |
Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a
new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful
transition to civilian government was completed.
The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding
a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have
been squandered through corruption and mismanagement,
and institutionalizing democracy. In addition,
the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding
ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build
a sound foundation for economic growth and political
stability. Despite some irregularities, the April
2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer
of power in Nigeria's history. |
| Location: |
Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea,
between Benin and Cameroon |
| Geographic coordinates: |
10 00 N, 8 00 E |
| Map references: |
Africa
|
| Area: |
total: 923,768 sq km
land: 910,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km |
| Area - comparative: |
slightly
more than twice the size of California |
| Land boundaries: |
total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon
1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km |
| Coastline: |
853
km |
| Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth
of exploitation |
| Climate: |
varies;
equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid
in north |
| Terrain: |
southern
lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus;
mountains in southeast, plains in north |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest
point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m |
| Natural resources: |
natural
gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal,
limestone, lead, zinc, arable land |
| Land use: |
arable
land: 31.29%
permanent crops: 2.96%
other: 65.75% (2001) |
| Irrigated land: |
2,330
sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards: |
periodic
droughts; flooding |
| Environment - current issues: |
soil
degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and
water pollution; desertification; oil pollution
- water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage
from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
|
| Environment - international agreements: |
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,
Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
| Geography - note: |
the
Niger enters the country in the northwest and
flows southward through tropical rain forests
and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea |
| Population: |
137,253,133
note: estimates for this country explicitly
take into account the effects of excess mortality
due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy,
higher infant mortality and death rates, lower
population and growth rates, and changes in the
distribution of population by age and sex than
would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14
years: 43.4% (male 29,985,427; female 29,637,684)
15-64 years: 53.7% (male 37,502,756; female
36,205,442)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 1,944,260;
female 1,977,564) (2004 est.) |
| Median age: |
total: 18.1 years
male: 18.2 years
female: 17.9 years (2004 est.) |
| Population growth rate: |
2.45%
(2004 est.) |
| Birth rate: |
38.24
births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Death rate: |
13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Net migration rate: |
0.26
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Sex ratio: |
at
birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004
est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: |
total: 70.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 73.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2004
est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 50.49 years
male: 50.35 years
female: 50.63 years (2004 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: |
5.32
children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
5.4%
(2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
3.6
million (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
310,000 (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian |
| Ethnic groups: |
Nigeria,
which is Africa's most populous country, is composed
of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following
are the most populous and politically influential:
Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%,
Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% |
| Religions: |
Muslim
50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% |
| Languages: |
English
(official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
|
| Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 68%
male: 75.7%
female: 60.6% (2003 est.) |
| Country name: |
conventional long form: Federal Republic of
Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria |
| Government type: |
republic transitioning from military to civilian
rule |
| Capital: |
Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was
officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most
federal government offices have now made the move
to Abuja |
| Administrative divisions: |
36
states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom,
Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross
River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal
Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna,
Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa,
Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers,
Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
| Independence: |
1
October 1960 (from UK) |
| National holiday: |
Independence
Day (National Day), 1 October (1960) |
| Constitution: |
new
constitution adopted May 1999 |
| Legal system: |
based
on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only
in some northern states), and traditional law
|
| Suffrage: |
18
years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: |
chief
of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since
29 May 1999); note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Olusegun
OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president
is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Federal Executive Council
elections: president is elected by popular
vote for no more than two four-year terms; election
last held 19 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected
president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO
(PDP) 61.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI (ANPP) 31.2%, Chukwuemeka
Odumegwu OJUKWU (APGA) 3.3%, other 3.6% |
| Legislative branch: |
bicameral
National Assembly consists of Senate (107 seats,
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms) and House of Representatives (346 seats,
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms)
elections: Senate - last held 12 April 2003
(next to be held NA 2007); House of Representatives
- last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA
2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote
by party - PDP 53.6%, ANPP 27.9%, AD 9.7%; seats
by party - PDP 73, ANPP 28, AD 6; House of Representatives
- percent of vote by party - PDP 54.5%, ANPP 27.4%,
AD 9.3%, other 8.8%; seats by party - PDP 213,
ANPP 95, AD 31, other 7; note - two constituencies
are not reported |
| Judicial branch: |
Supreme
Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal
government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial
Committee) |
| Political parties and leaders: |
Alliance
for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR];
All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET];
All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Chekwas
OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu
Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu
OGBEH]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir
Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP
[Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples Party
or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: |
Nigerian
Labor Congress or NLC [Adams OSHIOMOLE] |
| International organization participation: |
ACP,
AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW,
OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UPU,
WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Diplomatic representation in the
US: |
chief
of mission: Ambassador Jibril Muhammad AMINU
chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington,
DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400
FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385
consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York
|
| Diplomatic representation from
the US: |
chief
of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER
embassy: 7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja
mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos
telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205
FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353 |
| Flag description: |
three
equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white,
and green |
| Economy - overview: |
Oil-rich
Nigeria, long hobbled by political instability,
corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor
macroeconomic management, is undertaking some
reforms under the new civilian administration.
Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify
the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive
oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of
foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary
revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural
sector has failed to keep up with rapid population
growth - Nigeria is Africa's most populous country
- and the country, once a large net exporter of
food, now must import food. Following the signing
of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria
received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris
Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both
contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled
out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing
to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making
it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness
from the Paris Club. The government has lacked
the political will to implement the market-oriented
reforms urged by the IMF, such as to modernize
the banking system, to curb inflation by blocking
excessive wage demands, and to resolve regional
disputes over the distribution of earnings from
the oil industry. During 2003, however, the government
deregulated fuel prices and announced the privatization
of the country's four oil refineries. GDP growth
probably will rise marginally in 2004, led by
oil and natural gas exports. |
| GDP: |
purchasing
power parity - $114.8 billion (2003 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate: |
7.1%
(2003 est.) |
| GDP - per capita: |
purchasing
power parity - $900 (2003 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 30.8%
industry: 43.8%
services: 25.4% (2003 est.) |
| Investment (gross fixed): |
27.7% of GDP (2003) |
| Population below poverty line: |
60% (2000 est.) |
| Household income or consumption
by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97) |
| Distribution of family income -
Gini index: |
50.6 (1996-97) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
13.8% (2003 est.) |
| Labor force: |
54.36 million (2003 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999
est.) |
| Unemployment rate: |
2.7% (2003 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $8.026 billion
expenditures: $11.09 billion, including capital
expenditures of NA (2003 est.) |
| Public debt: |
28.6% of GDP (2003) |
| Agriculture - products: |
cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet,
cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep,
goats, pigs; timber; fish |
| Industries: |
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts,
cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles,
cement and other construction materials, food
products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing,
ceramics, steel |
| Industrial production growth rate: |
2.3% (2003 est.) |
| Electricity - production: |
15.67 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - consumption: |
14.55 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports: |
20 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2001) |
| Oil - production: |
2.256 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil - consumption: |
275,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil - exports: |
NA (2001) |
| Oil - imports: |
NA (2001) |
| Oil - proved reserves: |
27 billion bbl (1 January 2002) |
| Natural gas - production: |
15.68 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - consumption: |
7.85 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - exports: |
7.83 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - imports: |
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - proved reserves: |
4.007 trillion cu m (1 January 2002) |
| Current account balance: |
$1.439 billion (2003) |
| Exports: |
$21.8 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: |
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
|
| Exports - partners: |
US 41.4%, Spain 8.6%, Brazil 5.5%, France 5.2%,
India 4.1% (2003 est.) |
| Imports: |
$14.54 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: |
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured
goods, food and live animals |
| Imports - partners: |
China 13.4%, UK 9.2%, France 7.9%, US 7.7%, Netherlands
6.4%, South Korea 5.7%, Italy 5.6%, Germany 5.4%,
Brazil 4.5% (2003 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange &
gold: |
$7.128 billion (2003) |
| Debt - external: |
$31.07 billion (2003 est.) |
| Economic aid - recipient: |
IMF $250 million (1998) |
| Currency: |
naira (NGN) |
| Currency code: |
NGN |
| Exchange rates: |
nairas per US dollar - 129.222 (2003), 120.578 (2002),
111.231 (2001), 101.697 (2000), 92.3381 (1999)
|
| Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
| Telephones - main lines in use: |
853,100 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: |
3,149,500 (2003) |
| Telephone system: |
general assessment: an inadequate system, further
limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is
required and a start has been made
domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial
cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications
satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a
coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities
and the Internet are available
international: country code - 234; satellite
earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable
(SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and
Asia |
| Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations: |
3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting
stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002) |
| Internet country code: |
.ng |
| Internet hosts: |
1,142 (2004) |
| Internet users: |
750,000 (2003) |
| Railways: |
total: 3,557 km
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge
standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
|
| Highways: |
total: 194,394 km
paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)
unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.) |
| Waterways: |
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers
and creeks) (2004) |
| Pipelines: |
condensate 105 km; gas 1,660 km; oil 3,634 km (2003)
|
| Ports and harbors: |
Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
|
| Merchant marine: |
total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 327,808
GRT/608,076 DWT
by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 5, petroleum
tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll
off 1, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: Norway 2, Pakistan 1, Togo 1,
United States 1
registered in other countries: 26 (2003 est.)
|
| Airports: |
70 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 36
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 3 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 34
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 18 (2003 est.) |
| Heliports: |
1 (2003 est.) |
| Military branches: |
Army, Navy, Air Force |
| Military manpower - military age: |
18 years of age (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - availability: |
males age 15-49: 32,665,407 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military
service: |
males age 15-49: 18,763,229 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military
age annually: |
males: 1,452,231 (2004 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar
figure: |
$469.8 million (2003) |
| Military expenditures - percent
of GDP: |
0.9% (2003) |
| Disputes - international: |
ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria
land and maritime boundary but the parties formed
a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences
bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation
in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting
in Lake Chad in the north; Nigeria initially rejected
cession of the Bakasi Peninsula; the ICJ ruled
on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial
Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of
Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in
the ICJ decision, the unresolved Bakasi allocation,
and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea
and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the
Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation;
several villages along the Okpara River are in
dispute with Benin; Lake Chad Commission continues
to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and
Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake
region, which remains the site of armed clashes
among local populations and militias |
| Illicit drugs: |
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended
for European, East Asian, and North American markets;
safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating
worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive
corruption and criminal activity, remains on Financial
Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and
Territories List for continued failure to address
deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
|
This page was last updated
on 2 November, 2004
Courtsey of :http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html
|
